Abstract:[Purposes] Investigate the effects of short-term exposure of different temperatures on anxiety and fear responses of zebrafish. [Methods] Adult zebrafish males were exposed to blank (27℃), control (27 oC), low (L-T, 20 oC) and high temperatures (H-T, 34 oC) for 7 days. After exposure, novel tank diving test was conducted in each group. After anxiety response test, male fish in blank was stimulated with distilled water, while fish in rest groups were further stimulated with alarm substances (AS). Fear responses were then analyzed thereafter by behavioral tests. [Findings] Compared with anxiety control (27 ℃), the onset time to higher half, duration in lower half and total duration of freezing of male zebrafish in L-T group (20℃) were significantly increased. In contrast, the onset time to higher half and total duration of freezing of zebrafish males in H-T (34℃) group were significantly reduced. For fear response test, AS significantly increased the onset time to higher half, duration in lower half and total duration of freezing of zebrafish in control group. Compared with control group, L-T significantly increased the onset time to higher half, duration in lower half and total duration of freezing of zebrafish males, wihle H-T significantly reduced the onset time to higher half and duration in lower half of zebrafish males. [Conclusions] Results showed that anxiety and fear responses of male zebrafish were significantly enhanced after low temperature exposure, while decreased significantly after high temperature exposure.