[Purposes] Road network is the root of the economic and cultural development of rural areas, and accessibility is an effective evaluation index indicating the construction status of rural road network. [Method] Taking Xiushan County in Wuling Mountains as an example,the network analysis, CRITIC method, spatial autocorrelation analysis and other methods in GIS are used to calculate the sub-evaluation and comprehensive evaluation results respectively, and proceed to study the accessibility of the rural road network and analyze the spatial nearest-neighbor effect. [Findings] The results show that: (1) The accessibility of road network in Xiushan County shows the spatial distribution pattern of "circle type" which is high in the middle and low at the edge, high in the southeast and low in the southwest, and decreasing from the center of Xiushan County to the edge; (2) The high accessibility area is the center of political, economic and cultural development of Xiushan County, covering an area of 202.01 km2, with 17.91% of its administrative villages, with a gentle terrain and convenient internal and external transportation, which is able to radiate and drive the economic development of the villages and towns in the periphery; (3) The low accessibility zone is located in the southwest, with a total area of 259.58 km2, which is 1/5 more than the high accessibility zone, with complex terrain and backward economic development, and is in urgent need of focusing on it.; (4) The level of road network accessibility has a strong spatial clustering, with five hot spots and two cold spots. On the basis of maintaining the forward development of road network accessibility, the road network construction in cold spots should be strengthened to promote regional economic and social development. [Conclusion] The development of rural road network in Xiushan County is not balanced, the level of road network accessibility in the city center is high, with a total share of 45.15%, and the road network accessibility in the peripheral areas, especially in the southwestern region, is extremely low, with a share of only 7.84%. Based on this result, scientific and reasonable suggestions are put forward to equalize the construction of rural road network in Xiushan County, to promote the economic development of mountainous areas and to help rural revitalization.