To investigate the associative learning ability of juvenile Spinibarbus sinensis and the effects of associative learning training on their sociality, this study established a "visual cue-social reward" associative learning paradigm using social reward as the reinforcement condition. Twenty experimental juvenile fish were randomly divided into a training group and a control group. The training group received 30 days of associative learning training, during which relevant behavioral indicators of their learning performance were recorded. After the training, the learning performance indicators of the two groups were compared to evaluate the effect of associative learning, and the sociality indicators of both groups were measured to assess the impact of training on sociality.The results showed that the first exit time, first choice time, and first correct choice time of the training group decreased significantly with training days (p<0.01). Both the cumulative choice accuracy and first choice accuracy increased significantly with the increase of training days (p<0.05), indicating that S. sinensis possesses associative learning ability. The sociality test results showed that only the average swimming speed of the training group was significantly higher than that of the control group (p=0.04). However, there were no statistically significant intergroup differences in the two core sociality indicators: the average distance from the stimulus fish school and the proportion of time spent preferentially approaching the stimulus fish school (p>0.05).These results indicate that juvenile S. sinensis can form stable associative memory through training, but short-term associative learning training is insufficient to alter the core characteristics of their sociality.