［Purposes］To explore the current situation and influencing mechanism of social integration of vulnerable children, and to provide a basis for psychological assistance and assistance for vulnerable children. ［Methods］The Social Adaptation Scale for Children and Adolescents (SASCA), the Resilience Youth Development and Metal Health (RYDM) and the General Self-Efficacy Scale Schwarzer (GSES) were used to measure 252 vulnerable children in Chongqing to explore the relationship between this questionnaire and analyze their internal mechanisms. ［Results］1) There were significant differences in gender, whether they lived in school, and whether they were harmonious in the SASCA (p<0.05). 2) SASCA, RYDM, and GSES are significantly positively correlated with each other (p<0.01). 3) The general self-efficacy significantly positively predicted social adaptation (B=0.392, p<0.001) and psychological resilience (B=0.505,p<0.001), psychological resilience significantly positively predicted social adaptation (B=0.661, p<0.001), and psychological resilience played an intermediary role in the process of self-efficacy influencing social adaptation, and the mediating effect ratio was 33.935%. ［Conclusions］Self-efficacy not only directly affects social adaptation, but also indirectly affects social adaptation through mental toughness. By improving self-efficacy and psychological resilience, the social adaptation level of vulnerable children can be improved, and it can provide a basis and empirical reference for the society to pay attention to vulnerable children and promote their healthy development.