To investigate the seasonal dynamics of soil physicochemical, enzyme activities and bacterial communities of three re-vegetation species, a total of 27 mixed soil samples from three re-vegetation species (Cynodon dactylon, Hemarthria altissima, and Salix matsudana) were collected in spring, summer and autumn, and their physicochemical and enzyme activities were analyzed. Meanwhile, the seasonal changes of soil bacterial communities were explored by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA genes. The results showed that: 1) The mass fraction of soil OM (organic matter), NH+4 (ammonium nitrogen), NO－3 (nitrate nitrogen) were different in different seasons; and the activities of three kinds of soil enzymes showed a certain seasonal change, the activities of soil enzyme were highest in spring except the sucrase in the H. altissima. 2) There were seasonal differences in the relative abundance of soil samples at phyla and class levels. The seasonal variation trend of α diversity of soil bacterial community was different among different plants. The diversity of H. altissima and S. matsudana had the lowest values in summer except for Simpson index. 3) The RDA test implied that soil pH, the mass fraction of NO－3 and TN (total nitrogen) were the key factors structuring the microbial community. The soil physicochemical, enzyme activities and bacterial communities were different in different seasons, meanwhile soil pH and the mass fraction of NO－3 and TN had significant effects on bacterial community structure. These findings could help people better understand how soil microbes change after restoring vegetation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area.