It studies the regional differences and distribution dynamics of the quality of basic public services in Chongqing under the background of the common prosperity strategy,in order to provide decision-making reference for Chongqing to achieve the goal of common prosperity in the process of creating a high-quality life and promoting high-quality development. Dagum Gini coefficient, kernel density test and Markov chain analysis were used to explore the temporal-spatial characteristics, difference source and distribution law of basic public service quality in Chongqing. 1) From 2010 to 2020, the basic public service quality of Chongqing and “one district and two groups” will be improved as a whole, showing a spatial difference pattern of “the main city metropolitan area is the highest, the town group in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area in the northeast of Chongqing is the second, and the town group in the Wuling Mountain Area in the southeast of Chongqing is the lowest”. 2) The regional differences in the quality of basic public services in Chongqing are gradually narrowing, and the regional differences are still the main source of the spatial distribution differences in the quality of basic public services in Chongqing. 3) Chongqing’s basic public services have shown a high-quality development trend, and there is no significant polarization in the sample period. 4) The distribution of basic public service quality in Chongqing has adjacency dependence, and the transfer between different levels of status mostly occurs in the adjacent stage. It reveals the quality status, regional differences and distribution evolution characteristics of basic public services in Chongqing from the perspective of time and space, and then puts forward targeted policy recommendations to improve the quality of basic public services in Chongqing.