Explore the agricultural non-point source pollution emission trading mechanism, in order to provide effective ideas for the effective management of agricultural non-point source pollution. It discusses the necessity and feasibility of incorporating agricultural non-point source pollution into the emission trading system from the aspects of transaction subject, transaction object, initial emission right distribution, transaction motivation, supervision and guarantee of transaction mechanism. In the aspect of initial emission right distribution, the reduction history distribution mode, environmental load distribution mode, population distribution mode, economic distribution mode and comprehensive distribution mode based on the above four modes are proposed. The initial pollutant distribution amount of each town (subdistrict) level administrative unit in the study area is calculated, and their emission rights can be traded in combination with the actual emission amount. The results show that there are differences in the initial pollutant distribution of each town (subdistrict) administrative unit in the study area, but the tradable amount of emission rights is basically positive, which meets the premise of emission trading. The above case analysis results preliminarily demonstrate the feasibility of incorporating agricultural non-point source pollution into the emission trading system, and enrich the content of the existing emission trading mechanism to a certain extent.