长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区重庆段水域浮游生物多样性及群落结构特征
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国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(No.32202939);重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(No.CSTB2022NSCQ-MSX0793)


Study on Plankton Diversity and Community Structure Characteristics of the Rare and Endemic Fish National Nature Reserve in the Upper Yangtze River in Chongqing Section
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    摘要:

    为了解长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区重庆段水域浮游生物群落的多样性及群落特征,于2021年3月在该江段设置6个采样断面进行样品采集,结合环境DNA宏条形码技术(后简称eDNA技术)和传统形态学鉴定方法(后简称传统方法)对该江段的浮游生物多样性及群落结构特征进行研究。研究结果显示:1) 在所有样品中共检测出真核浮游生物116属,其中真核浮游植物7门56属,以绿藻门(Chlorophyta)和硅藻门(Bacillariophyta)为主;浮游动物4类60属,以原生动物门(Protozoa)为主。2) 真核浮游植物平均密度为8.794 2万个·L-1,平均生物量为0.114 98 mg·L-1;浮游动物平均密度为0.014 33万个·L-1,平均生物量为0.896 43 mg·L-1。3) 基于传统方法计数结果计算得到各采样断面真核浮游植物的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数平均值分别为2.869 0和0.876 2,浮游动物的这2个指数平均值分别为2.230 8和0.926 0;基于eDNA技术测序所得序列数计算得到各采样断面真核浮游植物的上述2个指数平均值分别为5.229 7和0.552 7,浮游动物的上述2个指数平均值分别为4.280 5和0.704 1;生物多样性指数评价结果初步揭示出该江段水质污染类型当前处于β中污染至轻污或无污染状态。研究结果提示在现阶段的淡水浮游生物资源监测和评价中,可尝试将eDNA技术与传统方法相结合来探讨浮游生物多样性和群落结构特征。

    Abstract:

    In order to understand the diversity and community characteristics of the plankton community in the Rare and Endemic Fish National Nature Reserve in the Upper Yangtze River in Chongqing Section, six sampling sections were set up in this river section for sample collection in March 2021. The diversity and community structure characteristics of the plankton community in this section of the river were investigated by combining the environmental DNA technology (eDNA technology) and the traditional morphological identification methods (traditional methods). The results showed that: 1) 118 genera of eukaryotic zooplankton were detected in all the samples, among which 7 phyla and 62 genera of eukaryotic phytoplankton were detected, mainly Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta algae; and 4 groups and 56 genera of zooplankton were detected, mainly Protozoa. 2) The average density of eukaryotic phytoplankton was 8794 2×104 individuals·L-1 with an average biomass of 0114 98 mg·L-1; while the average density of zooplankton was 0014 33×104 individuals·L-1 with an average biomass is 0896 43 mg·L-1. 3) The average ShannonWiener diversity index of phytoplankton and zooplankton calculated by traditional method were 2869 0 and 2230 8, and the mean values of Pielou evenness index were 0876 2 and 0926 0. The mean values of the above two indices calculated based on the number of eDNA technology sequences were 5229 7 and 4280 5 for phytoplankton in each sampling section, and 0552 7 and 0704 1 for zooplankton. The biodiversity index revealed that the water quality in the Chongqing section of the reserve is currently in a state of βmoderate pollution to light pollution or no pollution. Overall, the results suggested that eDNA technology can be combined with traditional methods to explore the characteristics of plankton diversity and community structure in monitoring and evaluating freshwater plankton resources at this stage.

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沈彦君,张玉凤,王梦,李英文.长江上游珍稀特有鱼类国家级自然保护区重庆段水域浮游生物多样性及群落结构特征[J].重庆师范大学学报自然科学版,2024,41(4):94-109

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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-10-22