It analyzes the types, distribution, and structural characteristics of wild vascular plant resources in Wansheng Heishan Nature Reserve of Chongqing, providing a basis for the protection and utilization of wild plant resources, maintenance and even improvement of diversity in the area. Methods such as field survey, specimen collection and identification, and indoor data review and organization are used. The results show that: 1) There are a total of 1331 species of wild vascular plants in 172 families, 599 genera in the Nature Reserve. Among them, 1210 species of angiosperms belonging to 536 genera and 140 families dominate. 2) The dominant composition of single and few species families and genera in vascular plants is prominent, with single and few species families accounting for 62.79% of the total families, and single and few species genera accounting for 92.49% of the total genera. 3) In terms of life form composition, there are 617 species of herbs belonging to 355 genera in 131 families, 580 species of woody plants belonging to 258 genera in 117 families. Vines and bamboo plants are also distributed. 4) The distribution area type of seed plant genera is mainly characterized by subtropical distribution, while also exhibiting certain temperate characteristics. 5) There are 4 first-class protected plants and 19 second-class protected plants in the nature reserve, and 48 plants listed in the Red List of Biodiversity in China. From the perspectives of family and genus composition, life form, and distribution types, the wild vascular plant resources of Wansheng Heishan Nature Reserve are rich, the plant community composition is dispersed, seed plants have both temperate and tropical characteristics. The rarity of plant resource composition structure is prominent.