饲喂条件与陪伴工蜂数量对离群环境中华蜜蜂蜂王发育的影响
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重庆市自然科学基金面上项目(No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0425);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(No.CARS-44);重庆市蜂产业技术体系项目(No.COMAITS202416)


Effects of Feeding Conditions and the Number of Accompanying Worker Bees on the Development of Queens of Apis cerana cerana in Isolated Conditions
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    考察离群环境中华蜜蜂(Apis cerana cerana)(后简称中蜂)蜂王的生长发育情况,并探索中蜂蜂王离群保存的最优方法。首先以聚乳酸为材料通过3D建模与打印技术建立了仿生蜂王存储装置,然后基于该装置在温度为35 ℃的人工环境控制下,测定了中蜂工蜂在不同的湿度、饮食条件和保存群体大小下的存活时长,并比较分析了离群保存和群内保存的中蜂蜂王在体质量、卵巢质量和受精囊直径方面的差异。结果显示:相较于相对湿度为55%的环境,在相对湿度为65%的环境下工蜂中位生存时间延长了6 d;与蔗糖溶液(w蔗糖=50%)和花粉的饮食条件相比,在固体方糖、水和花粉的饮食条件下工蜂中位生存时间延长了14.5 d;群体内工蜂数量为70头时,工蜂中位生存时间为20.5 d,高于群体内工蜂数量为30和50头时的中位生存时间;与群内保存的蜂王相比,仿生蜂王存储装置中蜂王在陪伴工蜂数量至少为50头时的体质量、卵巢质量和受精囊直径发育上没有明显差异,但陪伴工蜂数量为70头时,中位生存时间更长的工蜂可有效降低向仿生蜂王存储装置中补充陪伴工蜂的频率。综合以上结果可知在仿生蜂王存储装置中当环境相对湿度为65%、陪伴工蜂数量为70头并提供固体方糖、水和花粉作为食物时蜂王的离群保存效果最佳,且构建的离群保存体系能够在稳定环境中批量保存中蜂蜂王,并有助于提升中蜂蜂王良种繁育效率。

    Abstract:

    The development of queens of Apis cerana cerana in isolated conditions was investigated, and optimal preservation methods were explored. A bionic queen storage device was first fabricated using polylactic acid via 3D modeling and printing. Under controlled artificial conditions at 35°C, the survival duration of worker bees was measured across varying humidity levels, feeding regimens, and group sizes. Comparisons were further made between isolated and in-colony queens in terms of body weight, ovary mass, and spermatheca diameter. Results showed that, 65% relative humidity (RH) extended worker bees’ median survival time by 6 days compared to 55% RH. A diet consisting of solid sugar cubes, water, and pollen prolonged median survival by 14.5 days relative to diets of sucrose solution ( w sucrose=50%) with pollen. Worker groups of 70 individuals reached a median survival of 20.5 days, outperforming groups of 30 and 50 bees. When accompanied by at least 50 attendant workers in the bionic storage device, queens showed no significant differences in body mass, ovary mass, and spermatheca diameter compared to in-colony queens. Notably, groups with 70 accompanying workers, which exhibited longer median survival, effectively reduced the frequency of worker replenishment in the device. Collectively, optimal preservation of isolated queens was achieved under 65% RH with 70 accompany workers provided solid sugar cubes, water, and pollen. This established isolated preservation system enables batch storage of queens in a stable environment and supports improved efficiency in selective breeding programs.

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何永艳,李垚辉,田桂敏,潘誉木,黄瑶,冉釜丞,张晶,张小燕.饲喂条件与陪伴工蜂数量对离群环境中华蜜蜂蜂王发育的影响[J].重庆师范大学学报自然科学版,2025,42(6):37-44

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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-02-11