Against the backdrop of the booming e-commerce and low-altitude economy, the traditional delivery model has become inadequate to meet current demands. The collaborative delivery of electric vehicles and drones, which offers flexibility and environmental friendliness, has gradually attracted attention. Based on the actual needs and development trends of the industry and the real delivery scenarios in urban areas, this study focuses on the collaborative delivery problem considering the charging of electric vehicles and drones, establishing a mathematical model with the objective of minimizing total cost. An improved Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA-ALNS) is designed to solve the problem. Comparative experiments on multiple sets of examples show that WOA-ALNS outperforms the traditional Whale Optimization Algorithm and the Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm in terms of solution quality by an average of 19% to 30%, with a faster convergence speed. This validates the effectiveness of the proposed model and the improved algorithm. Further sensitivity analysis on the upper limit and minimum rated charge of electric vehicles and drones provides reference suggestions for enterprises. The research offers a green solution for the logistics and delivery industry, providing innovative ideas for solving the last-mile delivery problem, and holds both theoretical and practical significance.